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Psychedelic Drugs: Types, Uses, and Effects Reasoning that if 5-HT2A signaling led to an increase in sEPSC by release of a retrograde transmitter, transfection of a cell with the 5-HT2A receptor should rescue the ability of AMS to increase sEPSCs only in cells where 5-HT2A receptors were expressed. AMS did not induce an inward current in control but elicited an inward current in neighboring neurons transfected with the 5-HT2A receptor. The authors found that expression of 5-HT2A receptors in pyramidal cells from 5-HT2A KO mice rescued the ability of 5-HT2A receptors to signal an inward current but not the ability to increase sEPSC frequency. In another experiment, they used GTPγS, a nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, to render G protein–mediated responses irreversible. AMS induced a small inward current that recovered on agonist removal from control cells, as well as an irreversible inward current in cells loaded with GTPγS. Importantly, however, the sEPSC increases for both types of cells ...
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How Psychedelic or Hallucinogenic Drugs Work It works as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor , but the majority of the psychoactivity comes from its kappa-opioid receptor activation. This is the same mechanism used by salvia to produce intense, chaotic, and dissociative hallucinations that can be terrifying to even the most experienced psychonaut. One significant, but rare, consequence of chronic use of psychedelic drugs is the development of a disorder known as hallucinogen-induced persistent perception disorder. This disorder occurs when individuals who no longer use these drugs experience flashbacks weeks, months, or even years after their last use. Likewise, in humans, daily administration of the hallucinogenic amphetamine 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine also led to significant tolerance to the drug effect by day 3 (Angrist et al., 1974). In humans, cross-tolerance occurs between mescaline and LSD and between psilocybin and LSD (Isbell et al., 1961). Tolerance and cross-tolerance t...
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